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Kisumu: A City of Fire, Music, and Enduring Spirit

I was born and raised in Kisumu, that tiny, loud city on the shores of Lake Victoria, where the air hums with the scent of fried fish and the rhythms of Benga music. Ours was a childhood shaped by political fire and cultural pride—a place where opposition politics ran hot in our veins, and where the lake’s breeze carried both the promise of joy and the tension of unrest. A City at the Barricades Kisumu was—and still is—the heartland of Kenyan opposition politics. Growing up here meant knowing the crack of tear gas canisters before you knew multiplication tables. Every year, the "Sabasaba" rallies turned our streets into battlegrounds. Protesters clashed with riot police, who met defiance with a brutality reserved only for our city. We children learned early that the government saw us as renegades, and in time, we wore that label with a strange pride. Marginalization was our teacher. The potholed roads, the underfunded schools, the deliberate neglect—all whispered the same les...

Orthodontic Appliance

   Usually, the teeth of the upper and lower jaws misalign when they close. This occurrence is known as malocclusion. Malocclusion is not a serious health problem. However, it can present serious craniofacial anomalies characterized by a distorted face and one finding it hard to speak or chew food. Serious cases of malocclusion are usually corrected using orthodontic treatment. However, a surgical procedure is necessary in severe cases. Definition Of An Orthodontic Appliance Orthodontic treatment uses an orthodontic appliance to correct malocclusions. Thus, an orthodontic appliance is a dental gear that applies force on the teeth of the upper and lower jaws to correct a malocclusion. Types Of Orthodontic Appliances They are two types of Orthodontic Appliances; active orthodontic appliances and functional orthodontic appliances. Active Orthodontic Appliances   These dental gears apply pressure on the teeth to fix and match with other teeth on the upper and lower jaws. Exa...

Multiculturalism: The Inescapable Necessity of Our Interconnected World

On November 11, 2018, the world marked 100 years since the end of World War I—a conflict that claimed over 20 million lives and decimated an entire generation. Yet, as memorials honored the fallen, a troubling irony emerged: the very ideologies that fueled that catastrophic war—monoculturalism and hyper-nationalism—are experiencing a revival in the 21st century. From the rise of exclusionary politics in Europe to the nativist rhetoric dominating U.S. discourse, societies are flirting with the same forces that once set continents ablaze. History’s lesson is unambiguous: Monoculturalism is not a recipe for peace, but a catalyst for conflict. The inability to tolerate difference—whether cultural, religious, or ethnic—has been a root cause of wars from the 18th century through WWII. Today, as globalization binds economies tighter than ever, the fantasy of cultural purity isn’t just regressive—it’s economically and socially impossible. The Flawed Case for Monoculturalism Proponents argue th...